Bursitis

Bursitis is inflammation of a bursa. Bursae are small sacs located between two adjoining structures, usually muscles, tendons and bones. Bursae decrease friction and assist movement of the tendon over the bony surface. Bursitis does not cause joint deformity but can cause significant pain and restrict movement.

Bursae are located outside the joint itself. Since both tendons and Bursae are located near joints, inflammation in these soft tissues may be mistaken as arthritis. However, arthritis involves inflammation within joints, whereas bursitis involves inflammation outside the joint.

Symptoms

The symptoms of bursitis may include:

• Localized pain
• Swelling
• A warm feeling in or around the affected area
• Increased pain at night
• Pain worsened by movement
• Stiffness
• Reddening of the skin.

Diagnosis

Bursitis is generally detected as a tender, warm swelling at the site of a bursa. A diagnosis may also include investigating and ruling out any other possible causes. Tests may include:

• Physical examination
• Medical history
• X-rays, to rule out the possibility of any other condition
• Ultrasound
• Drawing off fluid from the bursa to rule out the possibility of infection.

Treatment

Treatment will depend on the cause of the bursitis. Treatment aims to alleviate the symptoms as much as possible while the healing process takes place. Options may include pain-killing drugs, cold packs, gentle mobilizing exercises and rest. Anti-inflammatory medications or injections of corticosteroids may be used in cases of severe pain.

If infection is present, there is usually warmth, redness, pain and swelling in the affected areas. Treatment with an appropriate antibiotic is necessary. If the bursitis was triggered by overuse, it is important to avoid the particular activity.

Correct posture and joint protection are useful and braces or splints can decrease the stress on the areas and support good alignment. After an acute attack, it is important to consider how recurrences can be prevented.